《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(4): 551-559

低夜温下黄瓜生理生化指标的变化及对雌花形成的影响

刘欣童, 王春华, 辛明, 周秀艳^*, 秦智伟^*

东北农业大学园艺学院, 哈尔滨150030

通信作者：周秀艳；E-mail: zxy0604@126.com; qzw303@126.com

摘　要：

选用温敏型黄瓜‘C09-123’为试材, 设置3个不同的夜温处理, 调查其20节内雌花分化情况, 同时测定二叶一心茎尖内各激素(乙烯、赤霉素、生长素、脱落酸和玉米素)、糖(蔗糖、葡萄糖)、18种氨基酸含量以及相关基因的表达量。结果表明: 不同夜温处理下, 内源乙烯、葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量随处理温度的升高而降低, 生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸和玉米素未表现出相同的变化趋势; 黄瓜雌花分化率与内源激素和糖的相关性分析表明, 雌花分化率与葡萄糖含量极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与内源乙烯含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05), 同时乙烯和葡萄糖含量均与蔗糖含量显著正相关; 乙烯合成所需的甲硫氨酸和天冬氨酸的含量也在低夜温下显著升高; 糖代谢中的关键酶己糖激酶和谷草转氨酶在生理和分子水平均表现出随处理夜温的升高而降低, 特别谷草转氨酶基因表达量在低夜温12°C时较18和24°C时提高了4倍, 并与乙烯合成关键基因(CsACS2和CsACO2)的表达量随温度升高的变化趋势一致。

关键词：黄瓜; 低夜温; 性别分化; 糖; 氨基酸; 激素

收稿：2016-01-06   修定：2016-02-16

资助：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD02B03)。

Changes of cucumber physiological and biochemical indexes and their effects on formation of female flowers under low night temperature

LIU Xin-Tong, WANG Chun-Hua, XIN Ming, ZHOU Xiu-Yan^*, QIN Zhi-Wei^*

College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

Corresponding author: ZHOU Xiu-Yan; E-mail: zxy0604@126.com; qzw303@126.com

Abstract:

Temperature-sensitive cucumber ‘C09-123’ was selected as the material, and three different night temperature treatments were set up for this research. The formation of female flowers within 20 nodes was investigated. Meanwhile, the biomass of endogenous hormone (ethylene, GA, IAA, ABA and ZT), sugars (sucrose and glucose), individual amino acids, and the relative expression of the related genes in shoot apex were measured. Results showed that the biomass of endogenous ethylene, glucose and sucrose decreased with the increased night temperatures. But the biomass of IAA, GA, ABA and ZT did not show the same tendency. Correlation analysis showed that cucumber female flower differentiation rate and glucose content were highly significant positive correlation; Female flower differentiation rate and the endogenous ethylene content were significantly positive correlation. At the same time, both ethylene and glucose were significant positive correlated with sucrose content. Methionine and aspartic which were needed in ethylene synthesis also increased significantly under low night temperature. Glucose metabolism key enzyme hexokinase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase decreased with the increased night temperatures under both physiological and molecular levels, especially the expression of CsASP5 in 12°C compared with 18°C and 24°C increased by 4 times. The relative expression of ethylene synthesis genes (CsACS2 and CsACO2) showed the same tendency.

Key words: cucumber (Cucumis sativus); low night temperature; sex differentiation; sugar; amino acid; hormone